Varanasi (Banaras), one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, is not only India’s spiritual capital but also a thriving center of classical and folk music. The city’s rich musical heritage plays a crucial role in attracting tourists, fostering cultural exchange, and contributing to India’s economy. This article explores how Banaras’ music drives tourism and strengthens the cultural economy.
Banaras has been a hub of Hindustani classical music for centuries, nurturing legendary musicians like Pandit Ravi Shankar, Ustad Bismillah Khan, and Girija Devi. The city’s unique blend of spirituality and artistry makes it a magnet for:
Domestic Tourists: Pilgrims who also seek cultural experiences.
International Tourists: Music enthusiasts, researchers, and cultural explorers.
Artists & Students: Musicians and learners attending workshops and performances.
Key Attractions:
Evening Ganga Aarti with Musical Chants – A major tourist draw.
Classical Music Concerts at Temples & Ghats – Regular performances at Sankat Mochan Temple, Assi Ghat, and other venues.
Music Festivals – Such as the Sankat Mochan Sangeet Samaroh and Ganga Mahotsav.
A. Revenue from Music Festivals & Events
Banaras hosts some of India’s most prestigious music festivals:
Sankat Mochan Sangeet Samaroh (100+ years old) – Attracts 10,000+ visitors annually.
Ganga Mahotsav – A government-sponsored festival promoting folk and classical music.
Dhrupad Mela – A 5-day festival dedicated to Dhrupad singing.
Economic Benefits:
Hotel & Hospitality Boom – Increased bookings during festival seasons.
Local Businesses – Restaurants, souvenir shops, and transport services thrive.
Employment Generation – Guides, sound technicians, and event managers find steady work.
B. Cultural Tourism & Heritage Walks
Many tour operators now offer "Musical Heritage Walks", where tourists visit:
Music schools (Gurukuls) & Ashrams – Interact with maestros.
Handicraft Markets – Purchase traditional instruments like sitars, tablas, and flutes.
Recording Studios – Where devotional and classical albums are produced.
Estimated Contribution:
Varanasi’s tourism sector generates ₹5,000+ crore annually, with music being a key attraction.
The handicraft industry (including musical instruments) contributes ₹300+ crore to the local economy.
Banaras is witnessing a rise in high-end cultural tourism:
Private Baithaks (Intimate Concerts) – Wealthy tourists sponsor exclusive performances.
Music Retreats & Workshops – Foreign tourists enroll in short-term courses.
Corporate & Government Sponsorships – Brands fund events to promote Indian heritage.
Example:
The "Banaras Music Trail", a curated experience for elite travelers, includes interactions with veteran musicians and private riyaz (practice) sessions.
A. Challenges:
Lack of Infrastructure – Many performances still take place in open spaces with limited facilities.
Preservation of Traditional Art Forms – Younger generations are shifting away from classical music.
Seasonal Tourism – Most visitors come during festivals, leaving other months underutilized.
B. Opportunities for Growth:
Government Initiatives – Schemes like "PRASHAD" (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation And Spiritual Augmentation Drive) can boost music tourism.
Digital Promotion – Virtual concerts and online heritage tours can attract global audiences.
Public-Private Partnerships – Developing dedicated cultural zones with auditoriums and museums.
Banaras’ music is not just an art form—it’s a powerful economic engine. By attracting tourists, generating employment, and promoting India’s cultural heritage, it significantly contributes to the nation’s GDP. Strategic investments in infrastructure and global marketing can further amplify its impact, ensuring that Banaras remains the soul of India’s musical and spiritual identity.
References:
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department Reports
Banaras Hindu University (BHU) Cultural Studies